Associate in Science Degree and Certificate of Achievement
in Exercise and Sport Science

The curriculum for the A.S. degree in Exercise and Sport Science and the C.A. in Exercise and Sport Science has been designed to prepare students for careers and employment as fitness specialists and personal trainers in the fitness profession. It will also prepare students to meet the challenge of successfully sitting for applicable nationally recognized certifications in the health fitness field.

For additional information, please contact:

Doug Crowell, Coordinator	Teri Durland, ESS Counselor
Kalia 218	Kalia 223
Voice: 808-734-9176	Voice: 808-734-9290
Email: crowelld@hawaii.edu	Email: tdurland@hawaii.edu

A.S. DEGREE CURRICULUM, EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCE (61 CREDITS)
Course Title	Course Alpha	Cr
Program Courses (28 credits)
Introduction to Total Fitness	ESS 100	3
Professional Issues in Health Promotion/Fitness Management	ESS 215	2
Physiological Basis for Exercise	ESS 254	2
Physiological Basis for Exercise Laboratory	ESS 254L	1
Strength Training and Conditioning Techniques	ESS 273	1
Nutrition for Fitness Professionals	ESS 280	1
Body Composition and Weight Managment	ESS 288	1
ESS Practicum	ESS 294E	3
Therapeutic Exercise	HLTH 203	1
Therapeutic Exercise Lab	HLTH 203L	1
Aquatherapy	HLTH 207	1
Kinesiology	HLTH 290	2
Kinesiology Lab	HLTH 290L	1
Human Anatomy and Physiology I/II Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory I/II	ZOOL 141, 142, ZOOL 141L, 142L	8
Program Support Courses (18 credits)
Starting a Small Business	ENT 120	3
Computing Literacy and Applications	ICS 100	3
Survey of Medical Terminology	HLTH 125	1
Basic Clinical Pharmacology	PHARM 110	2
Ethics in Health Care	PHIL 250	3
Sociology of Aging	SOC 257	3
Personal and Public Speech Interpersonal Communication	SP 151 or SP 181	3
General Education Requirements (15 credits)
Business and Technical Writing Composition I Expository Writing: A Guided Approach	ENG 160 or ENG 100 or ESL 100	3
Using Mathematics to Solve Business Problems Survey of Mathematics	BUS 100 or MATH 100 or higher level math	3
Survey of Psychology Survey of Human Growth and Development	PSY 100 or FAMR 230	3
The Science of Human Nutrition	FSHE 185	3
Arts & Humanities Elective (100 level or higher)	AS/AH	3
	TOTAL	61
The issuance of a A.S. degree requires that the student have a cumulative G.P.R. of 2.0 ("C"). For the A.S. degree in Exercise and Sport Science a grade of "C" or higher is required for all Exercise and Sport Science courses in the curriculum. Certification in CPR/Basic Life Support for the Health Care Professional must be taken before the completion of the second semester.

CERTIFICATE OF ACHIEVEMENT CURRICULUM, EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCE (43 CREDITS)
Course Title	Course Alpha	Cr
Program Courses (28 credits)
Introduction to Total Fitness	ESS 100	3
Professional Issues in Health Promotion/Fitness Management	ESS 215	2
Physiological Basis for Exercise	ESS 254	2
Physiological Basis for Exercise Laboratory	ESS 254L	1
Strength Training and Conditioning Techniques	ESS 273	1
Nutrition for Fitness Professionals	ESS 280	1
Body Composition and Weight Managment	ESS 288	1
ESS Practicum	ESS 294E	3
Therapeutic Exercise	HLTH 203	1
Therapeutic Exercise Lab	HLTH 203L	1
Aquatherapy	HLTH 207	1
Kinesiology	HLTH 290	2
Kinesiology Lab	HLTH 290L	1
Human Anatomy and Physiology I/II Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory I/II	ZOOL 141, 142, ZOOL 141L, 142L	8
Program Support Courses (3 credits)
Personal and Public Speech Interpersonal Communications	SP 151 or SP 181	3
General Education Requirements (12 credits)
Business and Technical Writing Composition I Expository Writing: A Guided Approach	ENG 160 or ENG 100 or ESL 100	3
Using Mathematics to Solve Business Problems Survey of Mathematics	BUS 100 or MATH 100 or higher level math	3
Survey of Psychology Survey of Human Growth and Development	PSY 100 or FAMR 230	3
The Science of Human Nutrition	FSHE 185	3
	TOTAL	43
The issuance of a Certificate of Achievement requires that the student must earn a G.P.R. of 2.0 or higher for all courses required in the certificate. For the Certificate of Achievement in Exercise and Sport Science a grade of "C" or higher is required for all courses in the curriculum. Certification in CPR/Basic Life Support for the Health Care Professional must be taken before the completion of the second semester.

ESS 100 Introduction to Total Fitness (3) KCC AA/NS1

ESS 100 is an introductory college course in physical fitness and wellness. The course provides clear and objective research-based information pertinent to exercise, nutrition, weight loss, and physical fitness.

3 hours lecture per week
Recommended Preparation: BIO 130 or ZOOL 141

Upon successful completion of ESS 100 the student should be able to:
•  Describe the health benefits of exercise.
•  Explain the five components of physical fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition).
•  Design exercise programs for improving each of these five components.
•  Explain the various methods for assessing these five components.
•  Describe the various anthropomorphic measurements and ratios (e.g. body mass index, lean body mass, body-fat composition, etc.)
•  Explain the following concepts: overload principle, specificity of exercise mode, principle of recuperation, reversibility of training effect).
•  Explain the pathways in energy metabolism.
•  Explain the functioning and interdependence of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems at rest and during exercise.
•  Explain the differences between aerobic and anaerobic training, and enumerate the attendant benefits of each.
•  Fully explain muscle anatomy and physiology, with further emphasis on acquiring muscle strength and/or endurance.
•  Explain the concept "good nutrition," with qualitative and quantitative emphasis on the dietary requirements for carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals.
•  Discuss the concept of "energy balance" and its relevance to achieving and maintaining ideal body weight.
•  Discuss the physiological responses attendant to exercising in special environments (heat, cold, altitude, pollution, etc) and the precautions and strategies that need to be considered in these environments.
•  Discuss exercise programs for special populations (that is, for those with orthopedic limitations, diabetics, obesity, etc.).
•  Outline a general plan for the reduction of exercise-related injuries.
•  Discuss general guidelines for the treatment of exercise-related injuries.
•  Explain the key points in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
•  Outline the steps in stress management (including relaxation techniques).
•  Discuss and elaborate the concept "lifetime fitness"

ESS 215 Professional Issues in Health Promotion/Fitness Management (2)

2 hours lecture per week
Prerequisite(s): ESS 100
Recommended Preparation: ENG 160, ENG 100, ESL 100

ESS 215 provides an overview of the business and management principles used in operating health and fitness facilities. It will also explore the professional and interpersonal skills needed to ensure a successful relationship between a health fitness professional and her/his client.

Upon successful completion of ESS 215 the student should be able to:
•  Explain statistics regarding the health fitness movement.
•  Gather statistics from health and fitness journals.
•  Examine the role of health and fitness facilities in the health fitness movement.
•  Evaluate fitness facilities’ members demographics.
•  Identify and measure current attitudes toward exercise.
•  Explain current organizational patterns and structures in the health fitness industry.
•  Discuss various management theories and their application to the health fitness industry.
•  Define the functions and responsibilities of an effective manger.
•  Describe marketing strategies in the health fitness industry.
•  Identify critical customer service skills.
•  Evaluate tools that measure customer service satisfaction.
•  Describe strategies and techniques for member retention.
•  Explain the importance of establishing a member database.
•  Identify specific programming needs and trends in programming.
•  Describe legal liability concerns for health fitness facilities and professionals.
•  Summarize the ethics and responsibilities of health fitness professionals.
•  Describe the member-trainer relationship and effective interpersonal communication skills.
•  Assess client needs.
•  Explain ways to motivate clients to remain successful in their goals.
•  Identify ways to maintain exercise adherence among clients.
•  Explain models that describe factors involved in making lifestyle changes.
•  Develop alternative programming for clients that have special needs.
•  Give examples of proper documentation when working with clients.
•  Refer clients to the appropriate health/medical professionals.
•  Obtain recommendations from physicians, physician releases, and other qualified health/medical/sports medicine professionals.
•  Explain the importance of staff training and development.
•  Give examples of health fitness equipment and their appropriateness to health fitness facilities.
•  Describe emergency management and safety.
•  Identify evaluation models for individuals in the health fitness profession.
•  Forecast trends in the industry and their influence on strategic planning.
•  Design a health fitness facility to meet a community’s needs.

ESS 254 Physiological Basis for Exercise (2)

2 hours lecture per week
Prerequisite(s): ZOOL 141, ZOOL 141L, ZOOl 142, ZOOL 142L, ESS 100
Recommended Preparation: CHEM 100

ESS 254 is a course that examines and explains the wide spectrum of responses and adaptations that the human undergoes during physical activity. This course will provide the fitness professional with the scientific basis for recommending and designing exercise programs.

Upon successful completion of ESS 254, the student should be able to:
•  Explain the structure and function of skeletal muscle, and its responses and adaptations to physical activity.
•  Describe the anatomical features of the nervous system, and its role in regulating physical activity.
•  Describe the bionergetics entailed in muscle metabolism (aerobic vs anaerobic pathways), including substrate utilization.
•  Explain the role of the endocrine system (hormones) in regulating responses to physical activity.
•  Describe the functional anatomies of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and their physiologic interactions during physical activity.
•  Describe and enumerate the physiological adaptations that occur with aerobic training.
•  Describe and enumerate the physiological adaptations with resistance training.
•  Describe the physical responses that occur during exercise in various environmental conditions (heat, air pollution etc.).
•  Describe the role of nutrition and ergogenic aids in performance and physical activity.
•  Describe the forms of cardiovascular disease and the role that exercise plays in directly and indirectly decreasing the risk of these diseases.
•  Explain the guidelines for designing exercise programs for health and fitness.
•  Describe the elements of a complete exercise program.
•  Explain how to adapt the guidelines for designing exercise programs for special populations (e.g. cardiac, diabetic, etc.)
•  Describe the guidelines for designing programs for athletic performance and conditioning.

ESS 254L Physiological Basis for Exercise Lab (1)

ESS 254L is the laboratory adjunct to ESS 254. This lab course presents the physiological tests that support the principles of recommending and designing exercise programs.

3 hours lab per week
Prerequisite(s): ZOOL 141, ZOOL 141L, ZOOl 142, ZOOL 142L, ESS 100
Recommended Preparation: CHEM 100

•  Describe the wide variety of test settings employed in the health and fitness profession.
•  Discuss units of measure relating to exercise testing.
•  Explain the basic principles entailed in data collection and evaluation.
•  Obtain a health history and risk appraisal of individuals prior to any fitness testing.
•  Describe the categories of participants who should receive medical clearance prior to the administration of a fitness test.
•  Identify relative and absolute contraindications to exercise testing.
•  Describe the purpose of testing and obtain informed consents prior to any exercise testing.
•  Select appropriate protocols and conduct assessments for cardiorespiratory fitness, anaerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
•  Monitor the physiological responses (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, etc.) during the appropriate test.
•  Discuss the concept of "perceived exertion" and its relevance to exercise testing.
•  Explain the physiological responses that occur with healthy and symptomatic individuals.
•  Identify the criteria for terminating a fitness evaluation.
•  Demonstrate proper emergency procedures during fitness testing.
•  Interpret information obtained from the tests.
•  Design safe and appropriate exercise programs based on testing results.
•  Refer clients to physicians and other qualified health/medical/sports medicine professionals when appropriate.

ESS 273 Strength Training and Conditioning Techniques (1)

2 hours lecture/lab per week
Prerequisite(s): Credit or concurrent enrollment in ESS 254/ESS 254L; Credit in HLTH 290/HLTH 290
Recommended Preparation: HLTH 203 and 203L

ESS 273 is a course that will give the student a thorough understanding of the scientific basis for the principles of strength training and conditioning. The student will also develop skills to design strength training and conditioning programs as well as teach various exercises in those programs.

Upon successful completion of ESS 273, the student should be able to:
•  Describe the gross anatomy and microanatomy of human skeletal muscle.
•  Explain the muscle, bone and tissue adaptations to strength training and other forms of conditioning.
•  Describe the energy systems involved in anaerobic and aerobic training.
•  Explain endocrine responses to resistance training.
•  Give examples of basic biomechanical concepts involved with resistance exercise.
•  Define the age and sex related differences in muscular function and implications for training.
•  Give examples of strength training misinformation and myths.
•  Describe psychological and motivational factors involved in training and conditioning.
•  Identify and explain reasons for performing selected tests to evaluate strength, speed, and agility.
•  Conduct selected tests and analyze the data.
•  Prescribe safe and effective strength training programs based on the data.
•  Communicate with physicians and sports medicine professionals regarding a client’s exercise program.
•  Describe exercise technique fundamentals in safely performing strength training exercises.
•  Teach strength training exercises.
•  Describe and name the muscles involved in specific exercises.
•  Select resistance exercises based on goals, specificity of training, experience, available equipment and time availability.
•  List the factors involved in designing effective and safe speed and agility programs.
•  Teach balance and agility exercises for various populations.
•  Describe the physiology and biomechanics behind plyometric training.
•  Describe the safety precautions for plyometric training.
•  Describe the scientific basis for flexibility exercises.
•  Explain the physiological and psychological factors that limit flexibility.
•  Teach proper flexibility exercises based on specificity.
•  Describe the physiology behind proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
vDefine training variation and the concept of periodization.
•  Describe the physiological and psychological markers in overtraining.
•  Identify ways to prevent and manage overtraining.
•  Describe safety and risk management when prescribing exercise.
•  Teach safety and risk management to various populations.
•  Explain the ESS professional’s role in dealing with injuries and rehabilitation.

ESS 280: Nutrition for Fitness Professionals (1)

2 hours lecture/lab per week
Prerequisites: FSHE 185, ZOOL 141, ZOOL 141L, ZOOl 142, ZOOL 142L, credit or
concurrent enrollment in ESS 254

This course examines and explains the interactions between nutrition and exercise. It will provide the knowledge and skills required for fitness professionals to explain the effects that proper nutrition has on health, physical activity, and athletic performance.

Upon successful completion of ESS 280, the student should be able to:
•  Explain how exercise affects energy and nutrient needs.
•  Describe a "balanced diet," with reference to physically active individuals and athletes.
•  Discuss the dietary guidelines for reducing the risk of chronic disease.
•  Critically evaluate the numerous popular/fad diets.
•  Explain how physical activity and athletic performance can be affected by food and nutrient intake.
•  Explain energy metabolism, and the several energy pathways.
•  Elaborate on the relevance of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in the athlete's diet.
•  Explain the current methods used in food labeling.
•  Describe the concepts involved in body composition and explain how nutrition and exercise affect body composition.
•  Explain the proper nutritional and exercise principles entailed in weight loss and weight maintenance.
•  Explain the proper nutritional and exercise principles entailed in weight gain.
•  Describe the place that vitamins, minerals, and water have in the nutritional planning.
•  Discuss and evaluate the more popular "ergogenic aids" to sports performance.
•  Describe practical applications of sports nutrition concepts to athletes participating in specific sports.
•  Evaluate human energy expenditure and estimate nutrient intake.
•  Critically evaluate nutrition information and be able to identify misinformation.
•  Discuss ways to communicate with physicians, sports medicine professionals, and nutritionists regarding a client’s nutritional program.
•  Recommend valid sources of nutritional information.

ESS 288: Body Composition and Weight Management (1)

2 hours lecture/lab per week
Prerequisite(s): MATH 100 or higher, ENG 160, ENG 100, ESL 100, ZOOL 141,
ZOOL 141L, ZOOL 142, ZOOL 142L
Corequisite(s): ESS 254, ESS 254L, ESS 280
Recommended Preparation: NONE

ESS 288 is a course that concentrates on the control of body composition by understanding energy balance. The course examines the factors that lead to an overweight/obese condition, and the impact it has on many aspects of health. The principles and techniques for measuring body composition and metabolic rate will be studied. This will lead to an examination of the effect that physical activity has on body composition, as well as its influence on physical, cardiovascular, metabolic fitness, and weight management.

Upon successful completion of ESS 288, the student should be able to:
•  Know the prevalence of overweight/obese condition in the populations and sources of its development.
•  Be familiar with mortality and morbidity associated with the overweight /obese condition and the related costs in health.
•  Define the factors that contribute to development of the overweight /obese condition.
•  Know how to measure energy/nutrient intake, output in order to calculate an energy balance.
•  Describe the changes in adipose and muscle tissue that occur in the overweight /obese condition.
•  Know the general effect of physical activity on body composition.
•  Know how the level of physical activity is related to weight control in adults, seniors, pregnant women, and severely obese individuals, in addition to maintenance of weight loss.
•  Be aware of the impact of physical activity on the altered metabolism and health of the obese condition.
•  Know about the factors that support the transition to greater physical activity.
•  Be familiar with the principles on which common methods of measuring body composition are based.
•  Measure body composition and changes using the common techniques on children, adults, elderly, and athletes, and account for ethnicity for more exact interpretation.
•  Measure metabolism with instruments that determine oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient, substrate metabolism, and energy expenditure.
•  Measure metabolism and heart rate associated with different levels of activity from Basal •  •  Metabolic Rate (BMR) to submaximal exercise, and changes due to food intake.
•  Develop quantitative relationships between heart rate, substrate metabolism, energy, and ventilation to define the indices of metabolic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary fitness.
•  Construct substrate metabolism/energy-use profiles to determine the effect of activity pattern changes on energy output and physical and physiological fitness.
•  Determine a nutrient/substrate/energy intake analysis and protein balance.
•  Calculate an energy balance analysis using the values for food intake, activity output, and resulting changes in body composition.

ESS 294E ESS Practicum (3)

135 hours of work experience in health, fitness, and sport industry.
Prerequisite(s): Satisfactory completion of ESS 100, ESS 254, ESS 254L; HLTH 203, HLTH 203L, HLTH 290, HLTH 290L and consent of ESS program coordinator.

ESS 294E is a required course in the Exercise and Sport Science Certificate of Achievement and the proposed A.S. degree in Exercise and Sport Science. The ESS student is required to document the completion of 135 hours of work experience in a selected facility in the health, fitness, and sport industry. The facility must be approved by the ESS program coordinator and practicum site mentor. This practicum will provide the student with hands-on experience in a position where they can apply their knowledge and skills and develop new skills and practices that can be applied to their professional careers.

Upon successful completion of ESS 294E, the student should be able to:
•  Provide professional services as specified under the direction of a the worksite mentor.
•  Exhibit proper professional behavior.
•  Identify the respective responsibilities of the student, the worksite, and college in the practicum experience.
•  Maintain documentation of their experience, including hours and the description of the tasks that they performed.
•  Explain the organizational structure of the company they worked in.
•  Identify the personal qualities, work habits, and attitudes that lead to professionalism in the work place.
•  Design safe and effective exercise programs for various populations.
•  Monitor and supervise an exercise session.
•  Proper use and maintenance of equipment.
•  Relate health and fitness information to clients in a professional manner.
•  Identify the reasons for discontinuation of an exercise session.
•  Demonstrate emergency procedures (including CPR) and basic first aid.
•  Communicate with physicians and sports medicine professionals regarding a client’s exercise program.
•  Refer questions one cannot or should not answer to the proper authority.
•  Show consideration of the attitudes and beliefs of the organization and their clients.
•  Demonstrate the ability to motivate and encourage clients to achieve their goals.
•  Assist and cooperate willingly with co-workers.
•  Respond favorably to constructive criticism and suggestions.
•  Recognize one’s strengths and limitations.